Complex Adaptive System

In-class Paper #3November 8, 2011 Topic: Define what a complex versatile framework is and distinguish the attributes of complex versatile frameworks Discuss how complex versatile frameworks impact human services and in this way nursing practice. Use models structure your training to pass on your comprehension of multifaceted nature as it identifies with your nursing practice. Blueprint: Introduction: Complex versatile framework is an assortment of individual operators with opportunity to act in manners that are not in every case absolutely unsurprising and whose activities are interconnected so one agent’s activities changes the setting for different specialists. (GPlsek, P. E. and Greenhalgh, T. 2001) Characteristics of complex versatile frameworks are: unusual interconnected, muddled limits, steady evolving individuals, individuals likewise have a place with different frameworks, every part utilizes disguised principles (these can, and likely are, distinctive for every indiv idual and are not fixed). Complex framework can impact social insurance since they can make positive or negative results, they impact different frameworks and make pressure and Catch 22 that might be hard to comprehend Body: Because the complex versatile framework is continually changing, and interconnected with different frameworks so it will make numerous trouble in illuminating the problems.In clinical settings, understudy medical attendants need to think fundamentally and adopt various strategy so as to mediate or take care of the issues. Give models from clinical settings Conclusion: Restate the significances of complex versatile framework and how it can impact clinical settings just as social insurance Health care is a mind boggling framework. There’re assortments of various callings in social insurance from medical caretakers to specialists, expert, paramedics†¦ and even the idea of wellbeing itself is extremely intricate as there’re numerous determinants t hat can impact one’s health.Moreover, human services coordinates the meaning of a complex versatile framework, which is an assortment of individual operators with opportunity to act in manners that are not in every case absolutely unsurprising and whose activities are interconnected so one agent’s activities changes the setting for different specialists. (GPlsek, P. E. and Greenhalgh, T. , 2001). The qualities of the complex versatile framework are that it is erratic nterconnected, have hazy limits, consistent evolving individuals, individuals additionally have a place with different frameworks, every part utilizes disguised principles (these can, and likely are, diverse for every individual and are not fixed). In this manner, so as to work adequately in such complex framework, medical caretakers are required to have the capability to adjust to the system’s qualities and use their best aptitudes and information to settle complex cases in convoluted circumstances . The complex versatile framework is eccentric, interconnected and as a rule have muddled boundaries.For model, at my clinical setting, which is a French submersion grade school, is a case of a complex versatile framework. The school itself is an unpredictable framework in light of the fact that the understudies in the school isn't just involved English speakers, yet in addition the French speakers populaces, and the educators has to know both language so as to impart, to show the understudies successfully. Understudies additionally originate from various foundations, they have various ethnicities and distinctive personalities.However, the school’s aphorism is â€Å"Better Together† which advances the interconnectivity as they needs to cooperate to accomplish the school objectives. The interconnectivity trademark is likewise shown in an undesirable mishap occurred at the school. Evaluation 3 understudies there truly prefer to play soccer, notwithstanding, at some point , there was a clench hand battle broke out between two understudies during a soccer match during break, subsequently, so as to guarantee security and that no contentions would happen later on due to soccer, soccer is restricted at the school.The forbidding of soccer at break explained to us as nursing understudies and the school staff that we have to address and improve the critical thinking aptitudes for the evaluation 3 understudies so as to forestall comparative undesired event to occur later on. Now, the limits in the school isn't plainly drawn as train the Health class isn't nursing students’ obligation, however the school communicated their need to us and needs us to do a few intercessions about it.Therefore, we concocted to converse with the evaluation 3 instructors and request authorization to encourage the wellbeing class on days that we are at the locales to execute our mediation and address the critical thinking issues among understudies. In Health class, we chose to carry on plays of clashing circumstances and have the understudies to think of their thoughts utilizing proper critical thinking aptitudes to determine the contentions. By doing that, we †nursing understudies are not just interpretation of the job of the understudy medical caretakers, we are likewise the wellbeing class educator on Tuesday to the evaluation 3 students.This model shows that the setting of the complex versatile framework (primary school) truly impacts our nursing practice as we assume the job of Health class teachers to upgrade grade 3 understudy peace promotion aptitudes. We exemplifie The above investigation shows that the complex versatile framework and its novel qualities has emphatically impact nursing practice in various setting. As an equipped medical caretaker, we must have the basic reasoning abilities, being innovative and adjusting to any circumstance so as to think of the most ideal intercessions.

The Future of Cloud Computing essays

The Future of Cloud Computing papers To comprehend the eventual fate of distributed computing, one should initially have some information on what distributed computing is. This new pattern in data innovation is quickly getting one of the most utilized patterns in processing. Distributed computing at its essential level is the supplanting of every single PC with â€Å"dumb† terminals that have no product or complex working frameworks on them. Rather, these terminals associate with a World Wide Web in which applications dwell close by your information (Bowles, 2014). This paper will dig into the universe of distributed computing from the points of view of C. S Yoo, The United States Government Accountability Office, and M. D. Bowles. Obviously, with any new innovation, there are points of interest and disservices to their utilization. An endeavor will be made to recognize those favorable circumstances and hindrances while demonstrating the eventual fate of distributed computing. Dr. Yoo’s article, Cloud Computing: Architectural and Policy Implications, presents key distributed computing ideas, for example, administration arranged structures, slender customers, virtualization, and talks about the main conveyance models and sending techniques being sought after by distributed computing suppliers. The article additionally breaks down the financial matters of distributed computing as far as decreasing costs, changing capital uses into working consumptions, collecting request, expanding risk, and diminishing inactivity. The design ramifications of distributed computing are talked about for get to systems administration and server farm interconnectivity which centers around transfer speed, unwavering quality, nature of administration, security and protection, power over directing arrangements, normalization, metering and installment, and pervasiveness (Yoo, 2011). PCs today run applications through programming and gets to information that is put away locall y on the hard drive. In distributed computing, the application is put away in the server farm as opposed to put away on the computer’s hard drive. Yoo agrees expressing that, â€Å"transferring applications and information ... <!

Critically Eexamine the Importance of Ensuring the Race, Ethnicity, Essay

Fundamentally Eexamine the Importance of Ensuring the Race, Ethnicity, Social Class And Gender of Pupils Are Valued And Supported Within the Education System - Essay Example This task proclaims that the social class of the understudies influences execution as far as the personal satisfaction. In the event that an understudy approaches the fundamental needs, human services and social luxuries then they are bound to perform better in school. Research has indicated that understudies who originate from low-salary families have more slow advancement of scholastic abilities that those originating from higher pay family units. This is a result of the various conditions and exposures of these two gatherings. For instance, a youngster from a wealthy family might be all the more mechanically propelled that another from a low-salary family unit. This is on the grounds that this understudy is presented to all the most recent contraptions and different gadgets in light of the fact that the family can have the option to bear the cost of them. This paper makes an end that tahe one for the under special understudy must be point by point as the presumption made is there are things that the understudies has not had the option to access and experience due to their social standing. Families that have low salary are more averse to give the important materials required in the learning procedure. Taking everything into account, all the above zones must be considered in the definition of an instructive approach to ensure that every one of that gatherings included have satisfactory portrayal and no gathering is deserted in instructive movement. Training is an essential human right and the least we can do is to ensure that it is available by all and that it is complete enough for all gatherings included.

AP Calculus Review Intermediate Value Theorem

What is the Intermediate Value Theorem? Basically, its the property of continuous functions that guarantees no gaps in the graph between two given points. In this article, what you need to know about Intermediate Value Theorem for the AP Calculus exams. The Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) Heres the statement of the theorem: Suppose f is a function that is continuous on the closed interval [a, b]. If L is any number between f(a) and f(b), then there must be a value, x = c, where a c b, such that f(c) = L. Intuitive Understanding of the IVT So what does this theorem really say? Wrapped up within the mathematical language, there is a simple core idea. If there are two points (a, p) and (b, q) on the graph of a continuous function, and all of the y-coordinates between p and q must also be represented on that function. Here, p = f(a) and q = f(b) as in the theorem. It may help to think of L as a target value. Then the IVT is a statement about whether a function is guaranteed to hit that target value. If L is any number between the y-coordinates, p and q, then there must be a point x = c so that f(c) = L (as long as the function f is continuous). Its as easy as crossing the street Suppose youre standing on one side of a busy street and your friend is standing on the other side, but much further down the street. As you walk toward your friend, you know that you must cross the street at some point in your journey to meet your friend, right? Think of you and your friend as the two given points in the plane. Your path as you walk down the street is like the graph of a function. The street is simply an intermediate value that your path must cross if you want to meet up with your friend. Desert road (Photo by William Warby, via Wikimedia Commons) What Could Go Wrong? The Intermediate Value Theorem is true so long as the conditions (or, hypotheses) are met. In the case of the IVT, there is one condition: The function must be continuous on the given closed interval, [a, b]. So what happens if a function fails to meet those conditions? Basically, all bets are off. For example, the function f(x) = 1/x is not continuous on the interval [-1, 1]. Therefore, we cannot expect there to be a value x = c such that f(c) = L for any number L between f(a) and f(b). In this case, f(a) = f(-1) = -1, and f(b) = f(1) = 1. So, in particular, theres no guarantee that f(c) = 0 for any value c in [-1, 1]. In fact, the graph of 1/x shows how it completely misses y = 0. There is no value x = c between -1 and 1 such that f(c) = 0. Whats It Good For? The Intermediate Value Theorem is useful for a number of reasons. First of all, it helps to develop the mathematical foundations for calculus. In fact, the IVT is a major ingredient in the proofs of the Extreme Value Theorem (EVT) and Mean Value Theorem (MVT). Solving Equations (Bisection Method) On a more concrete level, the IVT plays a role in solving equations. Suppose you have an equation to solve, such as x3 5x = 1. Based on the graph of the function f(x) = x3 5x, we might guess that f(x) = 1 somewhere between x = 2 and x = 3. But how can we be sure? And how can we narrow down our estimate? Graph of f(x) = x3 5x. First of all, the Intermediate Value Theorem will guarantee the existence of a solution to the equation, as long as the conditions match those of the theorem. Is the function continuous on the interval? Yes, in this case f(x) is a polynomial, which is continuous at all real numbers. Is the target value between f(a) and f(b)? Well lets find out! Here, we let a = 2 and b = 3. Then we have: f(a) = (2)3 5(2) = -2. f(b) = (3)3 5(3) = 12. Notice that the target value L = 1 is between -2 and 12. Therefore, by the IVT, there must be a value x = c, where 2 c 3, and such that f(c) = 1. Next, we can narrow down the location of the solution by using the Bisection Method. First find the midpoint between the two x-values. In this example, that would be 2.5. Then, plug in x = 2.5 into the function. f(2.5) = (2.5)3 5(2.5) = 3.1. Now check to see which half of the interval contains our target value. Because L = 1 is between -2 and 3.21, we can focus on the smaller interval [2, 2.5]. By the IVT, the solution must be in this interval! In fact, the Bisection Method can be repeated any number of times until we find the solution to the desired accuracy. The midpoint between 2 and 2.5 is: 2.25. f(2.25) = 0.14, which is lower than our target value. Thus, the solution must be in [2.25, 2.5]. The midpoint between 2.25 and 2.5 is: 2.375. f(2.375) = 1.52, which is higher than our target value. Thus, the solution must be in [2.25, 2.375]. After a few more bisections, you can narrow down the solution to the equation, which is c = 2.33, accurate to two decimal digits. Summary The Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) is a precise mathematical statement (theorem) concerning the properties of continuous functions. The IVT states that if a function is continuous on [a, b], and if L is any number between f(a) and f(b), then there must be a value, x = c, where a c b, such that f(c) = L. The IVT is useful for proving other theorems, such that the EVT and MVT. The IVT is also useful for locating solutions to equations by the Bisection Method.

Negative Effects Of Cloning - 1301 Words

Cloning is something that has plagued scientists and mankind on whether the experiment is the right or wrong thing to target. In the passages, it talks about the positive and negative outcomes that come with cloning. Even though cloning has many positive results, there are more negative upshots that come with cloning. Cloning was more of an experiment for animals and began growing until the scientists were wanting to try on human beings and other organisms. Cloning has positive and negative results, but the negative impacts that cloning has toward society and the ecosystem are huge and the experimentations shouldn’t keep growing. Cloning is an immense part of excitement for scientists and the operations frequently come out positive. As of†¦show more content†¦Korea printed stamps in his honour and he was feted as an international celebrity. But he was a charlatan, his results were bogus and he had obtained human eggs unethically (Cook 1). This specifically shows how cloning is both beloved throughout the world and dangerous to endeavor. If the fraud got away with claiming the human stem cells, he more likely could ve done worse by physically experimenting humans and possibly doing something atrocious. Frauds such as Hwang Woo-suk make Cloning sound like a great form of experiment to try out, but sadly it’s not. Their are too many unfavorable outcomes to come with cloning and could shape or jumble up an organism. Cloning might sound like a fantasy come to life, but several scientists have calculated the dangers of cloning and how it can have such an impact on the world. This project to dramatically extend the human health span is greatly at odds with the present goals of biogerontology, which are not to buy us more life, but essentially to condense our period of morbidity so that we could live healthy lives and then, within a very narrow period, rapidly deteriorate, like a salmon that has spawned. But the full achievement of this goal would be a nightmare, profoundly at odds with our true aspirations (Stock 1). Cloning is like coffee, where you will have a period to stay alive a little while longer, like having energy for a long period of Grimes 3 time, but once that time is up, you will deteriorate faster likeShow MoreRelatedHuman Cloning: the Negative Effects on Society1587 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Cloning: The Negative Effects on Society Human cloning is possible but also dangerous to society. One day during an assembly in March 1977, a heated debate began over the topic of human cloning. Both sides were getting very involved in the argument. Suddenly a group of protestors stormed the stage. They were protesting human cloning while chanting, We shall not be cloned! During the protest the group held up a sign that said: We will create the perfect race Ââ€" Adolf Hitler (Lester andRead MoreEssay on The Cloning Controversy1271 Words   |  6 Pages Today, the topic of cloning generates more argument then it has ever created before. The controversy over cloning is based, in part, on the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. Also a major factor in the debate over cloning is a fear of new technology. Throughout history, man has always been slow to adapt to a new technology, or a new way of doing things. We go through all the trouble to adapt to one method, why uproot ourselves and change everything just to do it a differentRead MoreAn Argument against Cloning730 Words   |  3 Pages Against Cloning Introduction The recent past has seen successful research on cloning. Cloning is the asexual reproduction intended to produce an exact copy of an animal or human. In the case of human cloning, this is done by fusing the human DNA into a human egg causing it to divide and grow. This often results into the creation of a copy of an individual. For many years, human dignity has been upheld because human beings are divine beings with peculiar features and capabilities. The developmentRead MoreThe Consequences Of Cloning In Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe invention of cloning, both a blessing and a curse, can possibly enable humanity to reach eternal life. An invention is the creation of a device developed after a study or an experiment, in the hopes of benefiting society. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who creates life that he later rejects. His invention results in consequences for both himself and his creation. Both cloni ng and the creation of the monster was made to benefit and advance society’sRead More Genetic Engineering Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesand people’s negative effects on the environment became very apparent. New technology allowed for people to make changes that could possibly be irreversible upon the environment. With the culmination of drastic changes coupled by the advancement of technology, we have genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is both a threat and a benefit for humans in our continuous strive to manipulate the environment. The basic uses for genetic engineering include gene therapy, cloning, biological warfareRead MoreIs Human Cloning Legal? Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesHuman cloning has not been legally used in humans because many people and experts are still discussing its effectiveness, worthiness and effect on humanity. Human cloning, also known as human genetic engineering, can be divided into two main types, which are therapeutic cloning, growing cloned tissue from individual, and reproductive cloning, genetically identical copy of an individual. Human cloning have drawn people’s attention because people are become more concerned about health problems andRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Human Cloning979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethics of Human Cloning In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is rightRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Food1229 Words   |  5 Pagesadverse effects on several aspects, for instance social ethics problems and Ecological ethics problems. Although this technology has advantages, the negative aspects of this must be valued. Subsequently, three pivotal research results of genetic engineering will be discussed, cloning, delay of decrepitude and genetically modified food. Then benefits and drawbacks will be identified for this three results. Initially, Human Cloning will be disputed. According to Thomas (2013) that cloning is a processRead MoreThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. With great certainty, human cloning will be banned by the government dueRead More Cloning Essay723 Words   |  3 Pages Is Human Cloning Ethical? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Imagine that you have just been diagnosed with lung cancer. You have been told you have six months to live unless you can find two replacement lungs. But, you are told and realize you are a clone and have to give your life to save another. Is that ethically right? Would you, the original human want to do it? I feel that cloning human beings is ethically and morally wrong. Cloning seems to be a big issue in the world today. The issues of

Death and Dying - 2681 Words

The Stages of Dying and of Losing a Loved One Usually, a person (or their loved ones) will go through all or some of the following stages of feelings and emotions. The dying person’s stages can often be more predictable than the stages experienced by a loved one who has just suffered a loss. 1. Denial †¢ The dying person being able to drop denial gradually, and being able to use less radical defences, depends on: - how he/she is told about his/her status; - how much time he/she has to acknowledge what is happening; - how he/she has been prepared throughout life to cope with stressful situations, particularly those that are out of their own control. 2. Anger †¢ Rage, anger, envy, and resentment may replace denial. †¢ â€Å"Why me?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦This lays a foundation of trust upon which the last days can be built and cherished for years to come. If loved ones fail to lay this relationship of trust, like small children, they will be bewildered, feel frustrated, misunderstood, and not be at peace. Loved Ones and the Death Process. The process of death and dying and stages experienced by the person surviving the death of a loved one are often less predictable than those of the dying person. Being a survivor of death is quite different from being the one dying. †¢ Death is not a common occurrence for anyone. Few people have witnessed death and no one can say he/she is comfortable with it. †¢ Watching the dying person’s physical changes requires focusing on the ‘real’ person inside. Sometimes the dying person’s appearance changes and deteriorates. He/she may lose hair, become thin, and look more delicate as the end nears. Loved ones and caregivers should focus on who the person â€Å"was† and afford the dignity and respect that comes out of love for that dying person. †¢ Misunderstanding in the dying child. Dying children often blame themselves for what is happening to them and for the sorrow and anxiety they see in their parents. It is important that family and loved ones of dying children give them a clear explanation of what is happening to them and that they are not being punished by death. †¢ Misunderstanding in the childShow MoreRelatedDeath And Dying, Death, And Death745 Words   |  3 Pagesimpossible to be sure of any thing but Death and Taxes.†(Shapiro, 2008) Prior to Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross’ bestseller novel On Death and Dying, death was to be done alone. Death was a taboo subject for society. Death is the end result of many different factors effecting the body in a way it (the body) can’t handle it any longer. Speaking in a medical light, there are two types of death, clinical and biological. â€Å"When a patient’s breathing and heartbeat stop, clinical death occurs. This condition may be reversibleRead MoreDeath and Dying2054 Words   |  9 PagesCountless human beings build bonds with other individuals throughout their lifetime. Once the bonds are broken as a result of death and dying, majority of the human beings will go through a period of mourning. There are multiple aspects that can contribute to the way an individual mourns the death of loved ones, however, gender plays a leading role in the human being’s reaction. I am going to show this by examining the natural stimuli, historic stimuli and social stimuli. In my opinion I feel thatRead More death or dying Essays697 Words   |  3 Pages Photographs of Death or Dying; Are They Necessary It has been said that, it would be a good thing if newspapers published more photographs of death and dying. There are many reasons why people say that photographs of dead and or dying people should or should not be published by newspapers. For example, some people say that pictures of people dying should be published in newspapers because death is a huge part of life. While members of the opposition state that death should remain private, and itRead MoreEuthanasi Death And Dying915 Words   |  4 PagesDeath and dying is inevitable. At some point every living person, thing, or creature will meet the last day of life due to regular or unusual circumstances, but now ethically the topic of death has changed by the introduction of euthanasia. According to The Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health, euthanasia is the act of putting a person to death painlessly, or allowing a person to die by withholding medical treatment in cases of incurable and usually painful disease.1 Otherw ise in a moreRead MoreThe Fear Of Death And Dying993 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most common fears is thanatophobia, the fear of death and dying. Perhaps that’s because the want to live is a natural instinct that controls human behavior; the fear of death is ancient and primal, permanently wired into our genetic programming. Scientists are experimenting with biotechnology more and more these days – many people hope to, one day, be able to live forever and avoid death completely. In fact, humanity has researched the concept of immortality quite thoroughly, albeit notRead MoreDeath And Dying : The Death Of A Dead2034 Words   |  9 PagesFor humans, experiencing the death of a loved one can be very difficult to overcome. The study of death and dying definitely provokes emotions that can alter individual’s lives. Many studies have made discoveries concerning death and its connection to emotional stimuli. However, in a collaborative effort to associate the occ urrence of death to emotions, we in turn centered our study on the five stages of the grieving process and its association to the culmination of the human lifespan developmentRead MoreDeath and Dying Essays1112 Words   |  5 PagesOn Death and Dying By Elisabeth Kubler-Ross For my book review, I read On Death and Dying, by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. Dr. Kubler-Ross was the first person in her field to discuss the topic of death. Before 1969, death was considered a taboo. On Death and Dying is one of the most important psychological studies of the late twentieth century. The work grew out of her famous interdisciplinary seminar on death, life, and transition. In this paper, I give a comprehensive book review as well as integrateRead MoreDeath Is The Act Of Dying973 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is the act of dying; the end of life; the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions of an organism. It is the inevitable and unavoidable conclusion to death. We don’t know wh en or how we will die, but we know it will happen at some point in time, and we have to be ready to face and accept it. Death is a word that within, holds great emotions, everlasting memories, and the harsh factor of inevitability. It was summer, and Jack was visiting his grandpa. When he got there, he foundRead MoreAging, Death, And Dying1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe goal of a research paper is to obtain different views and facts about a certain topic. Aging, death, and dying is an extremely broad topic with ample of books, movies, pieces of art, and even television shows. Edgar Allan Poe s For Annie happens to be one piece that relates to the topic of aging, death, and dying. An analysis opens up the background of Edgar Allan Poe, the meaning of the piece as a whole, and the different views of the piece. Edgar Allan Poe was born January 19, 1809 in BostonRead MoreThe Theory Of Death And Dying2181 Words   |  9 Pagesconcept of death for decades to try and â€Å"learn how to die.† There are many different approaches one could take to analyze the ideal of learning to die, and it requires a multifaceted approach. Although the concept of dying will be individualized and subjective, there are several themes that we see evident in post modernized views of death and dying. After studying Plato (2002) and Dastur (2012), we can gain a better understanding of how postmodernity has affected the philosophical view of death, dying

Australia Unemployment Rate-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Unemployment in Australia. Answer: Introduction In an economy, unemployment is defined as inability of some members of the labor force to find jobs to support their living standard. There are different factors responsible for unemployment in the economy. The structure and composition of an economy needs to be evaluated analysis of unemployment. The economic structure and employment scope have been changed rapidly in Australia in the last few years. Job opportunities have found to be declined in manufacturing and primary sector. With a growing spectrum of service sectors, new jobs are created in different services. Services generating maximum number of employment opportunities are hospitality, health and education. Decline in employment opportunities in agriculture shows the shift of traditional agriculture technique to the modern large scale farming using advanced technology. Loss of jobs in manufacturing is partly caused by adaption of labor saving technology. However, import competition for manufacturing hurts domestic demand an d causes job loss in manufacturing. The essay concerns with unemployment status of Australia. Unemployment is an important indicator of economic development. Lower the unemployment rate, more the economy is considered as a developed one. Therefore, the study of unemployment in Australia helps to understand the development aspect of the economy. Recently Australia has accounted an unemployment rate of 5.7%. Nearly all types of unemployment are found to exits in the economy. Cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment and structural unemployment together results in long-term unemployment in Australia. The long-term unemployment is a major problem in Australia. State of employment is related to other development indicators as well. Unemployment has a direct effect on inequality and poverty of the economy. The direct consequences of unemployment on individual and social health and different government schemes to combat unemployment are briefly discussed to make a complete analysis. Types of unemployment Structural, Frictional, Cyclical and Seasonal unemployment are some common types of unemployment experienced by the economy. Lack of demand for a specific type of workers causes structural unemployment. This type of unemployment typically occurs because laborers in the industry lack certain skills. Advancement of production technology and low cost labor overseas contributes to structural unemployment. The structural unemployment is the result of structural mismatch between available jobs and skills of the unemployed laborers. Labor having short of high quality education or training mostly suffer from structural unemployment. In Australia, structural unemployment is growing rapidly increasing the threat for long-term unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is the consequences of deceleration of economic activity. I times of business cycle recession there are low demand for goods and services, which reduces the demand for laborers in the job market. Decrease in fluctuation in business reduces the uncertainty in the labor demand. As the production activity increases, there is decline in cyclical unemployment. The dominance of cyclical unemployment increased in Australia during 2008-2009. Following global recession in 2008, cyclical unemployment had increased contributing to an increase in overall unemployment (Gregory and Smith 2016). Laborers themselves are often found responsible for frictional unemployment. Because of low job satisfaction people considers of switching their jobs. This takes times to find new jobs. In the transition, phase people remain unemployed. This type of unemployment is called frictional unemployment. Seasonal unemployment is applicable for those engaged in profession that depends on seasons. In the off-season, they become unemployed. Unemployment trend in Australia Figure 1: Unemployment rate in Australia (Source: tradingeconomics.com) Seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Australia accounts as 5.6% in the month of June. The unemployment rate in the previous month was settled at 5.6% following an upward revision. The unemployment rate turned out to be consistent with that of market estimation. In 2016, the lowest unemployment rate recorded in the month of October. The job opportunities in Australia are rising in recent years. Despite the fact that 14,000 new jobs created in 2016, there was still an increase in the number of unemployed people. Unemployed person in the economy has increased by the margin of 13100 (Tradingeconomics.com 2017). However, the rate of labor force participation stood at 65.0 in June, a slightly higher from that in the previous period. With increase in participation rate, incidence of employment in the economy is increased from earlier 27,900 to 12,201,400. This is beyond the market estimates of a 20,000 increase. Job market data indicates that increasing participation is resulted from an increase in part time employment. Increase in part time employment partially offset the decrease in full time employment. This shifts the job seekers attention from full time job to a part time one. There is a massive alteration in the number of people searching for a full time job and that for part time job. The number full time workers decreased by 3,800 to 496,400 while the corresponding number for part time job seekers increased by 4,900 to 234,200. Labor market condition improved between June 2015 and 2016. The improvement largely influenced by the fact there was a continuous structural change and the stress is on the adaption of labor-intensive technology in services sectors. In the service industry, strong growth was realized. Among 19 big industries, rapid employment growth is observed in 12 industries. The largest jump is observed in services such as social assistance, health care, retail trade and construction (employment.gov.au 2016). There is considerable decline in employment in sectors like wholesale trade, technical and scientific services and manufacturing. Employment opportunities in mining sector have increased overtime. Increase in overall strength of labor market is reflected from the improved condition of youth labor force. Youth unemployment is a serious problem in Australia. Unemployment rate among the youth accounts 13.2%. The percentage is more than double than the overall unemployment rate in the nation. Steady increase of part time employment is responsible for the persistent increase in youth employment. Participation of youth in the full time employment has declined substantially. State wise analysis of unemployment Figure 2: Unemployment in some major states of Australia (Source: lmip.gov.au 2017) Lowest unemployment is recorded in Northern Capital Territory. The participation rate is also highest here. In the working population female workers accounts a considerable share. However, most of the participated labor force dependent on part time or temporary jobs. The part time job proportion is higher for female population than male members are. The significant economic growth in this region supplements the lower unemployment rate. The stable economic condition contributes in improving the quality of the labor force in terms of encouraging the young people to complete their education and then join the labor force. Another territory region showing progress in combating unemployment is Australian Capital Territory. In this region, there are rapid increases in the scope for new job. The new jobs are mostly temporary in nature. Employers are more interested in hiring part time workers because of low retaining cost for workers. Part time jobs also provide opportunities to secondary household earners to participate I the labor force. Another region with low unemployment rate is Northern South Wales. The recent unemployment rate is 5.1% (abs.gov.au 2017). Here, proportion of underemployed labor force is quite higher. Participants in the labor force face high gender discrimination in the job market. Female participants of the labor force are more exposed to unemployment or underemployment. Youth unemployment in this region resulted from the cyclical factors. Unemployment accounts a slightly high rate in Western Australia. Stated unemployment rate is higher than the national average. Different sectors of this region provide employment opportunities to 1.3 million people. Still, there are considerable numbers of people in the labor force who are forced to do part time job because they are unable to find full time jobs. Increasing number of people in the labor force is the main reason for high unemployment statistics. Greater Victoria is a region having unemployment rate lower than the overall unemployment in the nation. New job openings have been created in a number of sectors such as construction, hospitality, in the field of technology and others. This region takes several steps to keep the unemployment rate to a low level. Job fairs have been organized to encourage the employers to hire more laborers. In response to steps taken by the policymakers, employment incidence has increased among the youth and middle-aged members. Two states wh ere unemployment rate is worsening are Queensland and South Australia. In Queensland number of persons, searching for jobs exceeds the number of persons having a stable job, resulted in increasing unemployment for the region. Government in Queensland has taken steps to reduce the unemployment rate. Job promotion programs are arranged to increase job opportunities in different sectors. The policymakers hold the expectation that stable economic environment and active government steps will improve the employment situation in the state (Manning 2016) South Australia has maximum numbers of unemployed person. The unemployment rate is high at 7.3%. In fact, South Australia is considered as the only region experiencing a fall in record employment. The skills of labor force are highly underutilized because of the lower job exposure. Persistent unemployment resulted in steady long run unemployment in the region. Different measures of government are taken to tackle the rising unemployment problem. Despite these measures, no improvement is yet experienced in the status of labor market. Implication of unemployment in the economy There are profound impacts of persistent unemployment on the budgetary, financial and different economic aspect of the nation. Hence, there is widespread application of the study of unemployment. People who lose their jobs or unable to find jobs lack proper resources to carry out their daily life. They are unable to secure a comfortable retired life in future. Mission Australia has found that many of their clients after facing a long-term unemployment were unable to arrange proper clothes for appearing in the interviews, telephone connection and can hardly afford transportation cost to reach interview venue. House owners or purchaser face difficulties in paying council rate because of weak financial condition. Adult job seekers accounted huge council debt or left with the only option of selling homes at a low value. There are arrangements for pensioners for having a deduction in the rate but no such benefit for unemployed persons. Australian Treasury reported that the income support given as unemployment benefit only cover one third of the labor market wage. Hence, the unemployed people still face financial crisis (Atkin et al. 2014). Financial crisis due to unemployment status is more severe for those who has burden of rent or mortgages, education expenses for young members of the family and have other dependent family members. Financial and family responsibilities are reflected from the incidence of late marriage, adults participating in the labor force at an early age of their life without even completing their education. Therefore, youth allowance should be extended to provide income assurance to young members of the labor force, in case their parents fail to provide such support or assurance. High proportion of unemployed person imposes additional burden on government budget. Treasury suggested that the burden on federal budget is channelized through the need of a tax cut affecting the present and future revenues of the government. Federal government needs to increase transfer payment for supporting a large number of pension receivers including those who lose their jobs at an early age. With financial instability among the unemployed persons, there are greater burden on government to spend on education, health and other social services. In all, with a continuous unemployment problem the economy accounts a very slow growth rate. Government measure to combat unemployment From the very beginning, Australian government is aware of the unemployment condition in the economy. Considering structure of the economy government designs different schemes to reduce unemployment problem. Some of earlier policies of the government are National Employment Strategy for Aborigines, Establishing Council of Education and Development Program (CEDP), Working Nation Initiatives, Indigenous Employment Policy, Introduction to Job network and Aboriginal Economic development policies. However, with changing dynamics in 21st century the government has introduced some new policy and modified some of the existing schemes (Edwards, Othman and Burn 2015). Recent policy initiatives for achieving a full employment condition are the following. Earlier job network program has been replaced by Job Service program. The program is considered as the main program to promote primary employment in the Australia. The replacement is made to improvise the connection between the assistance given to labor market, training, vocational education program, opportunities for apprenticeships including training and employment program organized by state and territory government. Job Services program gives more focus on job seekers who are at a disadvantageous position in comparison to Job Network program. Funding in the scheme had started from 1st July, 2012. Government has made changes in its Indigenous Employment policy. Wide range of changes has been done in different areas under this scheme. The changes include areas such as Voluntary mobility assistance, training programs for literacy and language, extending support to medium and especially small sized business houses, mentoring and training program prior to providing permanent employment. The range of the program as also extended with setting its target for regional industries and areas having considerable labor demand. CEDP policy is replaced with Community Development Program (CDP). CDP is considered as a more superior scheme in effectively improving employment condition. The new policy involves greater control of central power. It imposes greater penalties for non-fulfillment and increases the working hours. A rapid increase in penalties and financial hardship is observed among the participant class. In 2017, Senate has set inquiry commission for CDP. This step is taken to capture the effect of CDP on individual (Gonzlez-Chica et al. 2017). Any employment program apart from having its impact on individual also affects their families and communities. The CDP program is questioned in terms of increasing financial hardship of participates and thus aggravating poverty situation in some remote areas in Australia. The inquiry is made to reflect the true impact of CDP scheme. Conclusion The essay has made an analysis of the state of unemployment in the Australian context. Australia suffers from different types of unemployment such as structural unemployment, frictional unemployment and cyclical unemployment. People in Australia also experience long-standing unemployment. The problem of unemployment is more severe among the youth population. Analysis has been made on overall unemployment status of the nation as well as state wise unemployment is also considered. Some states have made significant progress in reducing unemployment. These states include Northern Capital Territory, Australian Capital Territory and Northern South Wales. On the other hand, unemployment condition is worsening in states like Queensland and South Australia. In Australia, the tendency of people to join a part time job is increasing. Increasing participation in part time jobs shows an overall improvement in national unemployment. Unemployment has adverse impact on different aspect. The financial instability of the unemployed persons affects their family members and communities. Government participation to tackle unemployment problem results in deficit budget. With greater number of unemployed people, government has to made heavy investment in providing different social services. In order to mitigate unemployment problem Australian government launches different schemes and actively works on those schemes. The steps of the government are expected to improve employment landscape of the nation. References Abs.gov.au. (2017).Employment and Unemployment - Australian Bureau of Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/Employment-and-Unemployment [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Argy, V.E. and Nevile, J. eds., 2016.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making. Routledge. Atkin, T., Caputo, M., Robinson, T. and Wang, H., 2014. Macroeconomic consequences of terms of trade episodes, past and present. Department of Employment. (2017).Analysis of trends in the Australian labour market. [online] Available at: https://www.employment.gov.au/annual-report-2016/analysis-trends-australian-labour-market [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Edwards, J., Othman, M. and Burn, S., 2015. A review of policy drivers and barriers for the use of anaerobic digestion in Europe, the United States and Australia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,52, pp.815-828. Gonzlez-Chica, D.A., Adams, R., Dal Grande, E., Avery, J., Hay, P. and Stocks, N., 2017. Lower educational level and unemployment increase the impact of cardiometabolic conditions on the quality of life: results of a population-based study in South Australia.Quality of Life Research,26(6), pp.1521-1530. Gregory, R.G. and Smith, R.E., 2016. 15 Unemployment, Inflation and Job Creation Policies in Australia.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making, p.325. Lmip.gov.au. (2017).Welcome to the Labour Market Information Portal.. [online] Available at: https://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx?LMIP/LFR_SAFOUR/LFR_UnemploymentRate [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Manning, H., 2016. South Australia January to June 2016.Australian Journal of Politics History,62(4), pp.637-643. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017).Australia Unemployment Rate | 1978-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/unemployment-rate [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]

Land Of Desire Essays - Capitalism, Marxian Economics,

Land Of Desire Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture William Leach Random House; 1993 428 Pages The transformations that America went through in order to become a capitalist country were very significant and are sometimes looked past. However, in the book Land of Desire, the author, William Leach extensively goes into many of those things. There were many things that went into this ranging from specific poeple and incidents to outside places and things. Leach shows each individual ordeal and explains the personal effect that it had on the industry, as well as how society accepted, or in some cases condemned such things. All of this comes from his own education and understanding of the situation. He shows the drift into a capitalistic country as being a gradual change in one thing that then led to another, and to another, and so on. Not to mention that many, many things took part in it. And that if such things had not occurred, we would not be the country that we are today. There isn't a whole lot of information on William Leach, but he does appear to be a very well-thought out man. This is not his only historical book and he's also done other things, including the book True Love and Perfect Union: The Feminist Reform of Sex and Society, and editing The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. That specifically shows up a number of times in Land of Desire. He refers to L. Frank Baum (the author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz) throughout the book, as well as to the book itself. Other than that, though, there's not much else I know about him, too bad it's not exactly the most helpful information as far as why he thinks the way he does. Leach broke the book up into 5 major parts. The first being the preface and the introduction. These two parts laid out the main ideas of the book. After that, Leach went into the three main sections of the book, which end up being the three main steps in the transformation into capitalism. The first entitled Strategies of Enticement, went into a little bit of history, as well as the first recognition of capitalism and were it all began. The second section, Circuits of Power, retold stories of how the public reacted to the whole thing. It also dealt with the philosophical side of capitalism. The final major section of the book, Managing a Dream Culture, displayed the managerial aspects of capitalism and the poeple behind it. Then, the last pages illustrate how the history in the book affected our country today, hence the its Legacies. It pretty much sums up why what happened was important and the such. This book exhibits how this older culture was challenged and was gradually superseded by the new culture, (p8). That pretty much sums up the first section of the book, Strategies of Enticement. Within this chapter you see the clear path towards capitalism being chosen. It starts out with what led up to the idea of capitalism, including the merchant John Wanamaker and the retail wars. It sets up the most vital history to understanding the whole transmission into capitalism. The next step to the up and rising consumer industry was the elaborate and aesthetically pleasing forms of advertisement that began. It all began with the advertising cards and eventually led to billboards and electrical advertising. This is also one of the first times that Baum is discussed, this time concerning his manual on the arts of decorating and display (p56). This was really the chapter of advertisement's roots. One of the last chapters of this section is about fashion and the effect it had on the market. It also links the wants of the US consumers to the haves of the European consumers, specifically France. The first of many fashion shows begin arising here and the impact that foreign countries have on what is in and out begin here. Later on, Oriental fashion shows up in a similar way. The final chapter in this section goes into the detail of the first customer services. It begins the linkage between capitalism and religion here due to the fact that many of the ideals in customer services were similar to those ideals of Christians. Despite the fact that Americans had broken from their older religious heritage, at their best they still retained the spirit of service (p115). And from there the hospitality in public places such as daycares,

Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying Essays

Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying Essays Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying Paper Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying Paper Essay Topic: A Lesson Before Dying Thesis: The relationship that develops between Jefferson and Wiggins forms the emotional core of the novel. The force of A Lesson before Dying is a result of the dialogue that Gaines poignantly renders between the demoralized prisoner and the disheartened school teacher. Support Do you see anyone here who could plan a murder, a robbery, can plancan plancan plan anything? A cornered animal to strike quickly out of fear, a trait inherited from his ancestors in the deepest Jungle of blackest Africayes, yes, that he can dobut to plan? To plan, gentlemen of the Jury? No, gentlemen, this skull here holds no plans. What you see here is a thing that acts on command. A thing to hold the handle of a plow, a thing to load your bales of cotton, a thing to dig your ditches, to chop your wood, to pull your corn. That is what you see here, but you do not see anything capable of planning a robbery or a murder. (7-8) She is determined, in the months her godson has left to live, to convince him of his humanity: l dont want them to kill no hog, she [says]. l want a man to go to that chair, on his own two feet' (13). Only as a changed man, the text implies, can Wiggins himself become a catalyst for social equality through education. Gainess narrative also points to the role that language can assume in symbolic enslavement and in freedom. Jefferson is able to recognize his humanity through writing (Wiggins has provided him with a tablet and pencil). Freedom through literacy is a primary trope in the African American expressive tradition. Henry Louis Gates, in his vernacular theory The Signifying Monkey (1988), argues that the first inscription of this trope is found in African American slave arratives, wherein the slave wrote to demonstrate his or her own membership in the human community (Gates 128). Gaines signifies on this African American tradition, powerfully creating, through Jefferson, a countertext. It is through the act of writing that Jefferson is able to fulfill his godmothers wish that he die with dignity. With subtle prose that belies the complexity of the narrative, Gaines chronicles two mens Journey to self wortha symbolic transformation which encourages the reader to reconsider the qualities that characterize a hero embarrassing moment By robincccc

A Risky Environment for Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Risky Environment for Investment - Essay Example Moreover, lenders, shareholders, actions groups are putting more pressure on companies to disclose information with regards to business activities that impact on the environment so that these factors could be taken into account with investment decisions. A number of initiatives have been worked out to integrate sustainability and profitability. On a global level, the United Nations has been working with businesses and industries to make their activities more environmentally sustainable - among these are the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) including the UNEP Finance Initiative, and the UN Global Compact. A notable non-UN initiative is the Equator Principles developed by banks to manage environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) issues. The launch of the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) in April 2006 was intended for pension funds (constituting about 35% of total global investments) and large institutional investors, and provides a "framework for achieving better and long-term investment returns and more sustainable markets". About 50 institutional investors from the US and Europe with a portfolio of about $4 trillion have signed on to PRI.

Book Analysis Evironmantalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Analysis Evironmantalism - Essay Example Richard white view on environmentalism is that nature can act multipurpose to provide for human beings. This is evident by the fact that humans get food from the Columbian river and they generate hydroelectric power from the river. His view is the division of nature into different parts to maximize productivity and enhances development from nature. Richard White has evidently addressed with humans controlling nature to profit them, there are many consequences accompanied with it. Some people start wars claiming they own certain parts of nature and this erupts to social and political wars. This evident when the some people in Colombia tried to divert the course of the river to suit their social and political interest. This kind of actions results in struggles and oppositions about certain forms of nature. These struggles show that humans are fighting and claiming something they have not created and they do not have full rights of that natural resource. Richard perilously emphasizes th at what was supposed to happen did not happen in accordance to nature. Richard’s environmental concept is that humans can get all forms of energy from nature and use it for development purposes. This is emphasized through the generation of hydroelectric power for electricity, and the salmon fish that provide calories for human beings. He argues that the natural resources can provide the needed energy in the making of political and financial decisions that will enhance the developmental process3. Richard white addresses the misfortunes of human beings of trying to over control nature. With an aim of getting profits from nature, human beings have tried to dominate nature, which is not practical. This has resulted in conflicts between nature and human beings, as nature is not ready to conform to man’s ideas. Both nature and human begins end up becoming losers because they are unable to connect. This is because humans are trying to divide nature so as to maximizing profit thus forgetting the social values that should be upheld. Edward Abbeys Form of Environmentalist Edward Abbey’s form of environmentalist is one that advocates for the preservation and protection of the environment and natural resources. This is addressed by how the author brings out characters that are ready to protect a desert from the exploitation of developers.4 The characters in this book are in the move of stopping developers especially those who are in construction areas. These characters are stopping road buildings by destroying the equipments involved in the construction of roads. Edward is advocating for the preservation and conservation of the environment. The author has practically shown how he is ready to protect the environment fully. He is in the campaign of burning down billboards that are advertising construction projects, and he intentionally sabotages the bulldozers that are constructing roads in the quest of protecting the environment. Edward Abbey worked as a forest wanderer whose main aim was the protection of the environment and the conservation of natural resources.

The Impact Of Satisfaction And Image On Loyalty Essay Example for Free

The Impact Of Satisfaction And Image On Loyalty Essay The research was undertaken by three eminent scholars with strong qualifications in the field of customer services and business; two of them having attained the rank of professor and the other a doctor working as a research fellow. Their background suggests that the research was of a high quality and followed the laid down procedures for a doctoral thesis or research paper. It was directed at examining the relationship between image and satisfaction to customer loyalty. Current literature on the subject has been inconclusive on the impact of satisfaction on loyalty without considering the effect of image on the same. This research aimed to fill this void. By addressing the subject matter and testing it using hypotheses, the researchers adopted qualitative and quantitative research methods and were able to come up with a general statement that image impacts loyalty from an emotive rather than a cognitive point of view. Entrepreneurs are concerned at how they can retain their market share and the methods they can adopt to increase the number of clients that patronize their outlets. A lot of emphasis has been placed on the importance of customer service in ensuring repeat clients and new customers (Anderson et al. 1994:54). For the most part it has been true that customers who have been well treated and had all their concerns attended to in a timely manner are likely to return to the establishment for further business. However customer satisfaction has not been able to explain why clientele appear to shift loyalties to new outlets or to competitors despite receiving excellent services (Chi Qu, 2007). This phenomenon suggests that there are other factors that influence customers in making their final decisions on which places to patronize. This research has addressed this issue by studying the effect of image as a predictor of customer loyalty. Abraham Maslow developed his hierarchy of needs theory which posited that man graduates from satisfying the basic needs to the pinnacle of the pyramid where self actualization is achieved. Self actualization has little to do with physical aspects and more to do with personal feelings and perceptions of self. Thus as a pointer to what influences customer loyalty, the researchers picked on a good factor to base their study on. Nonetheless in this era of global recession other factors like price should have been included in their study so as to compare the overall effect of price differentials to customer loyalty. The rise of budget airlines like Easy Jet or the popularity of supermarket chains such as Wall mart are primarily due to the fair prices they charge in comparison to other stores (Fredericks and Salter, 1995:30). Thus in limiting themselves to image and customer satisfactions the researchers left out an important factor that may change the overall results of the study. By confining their study to ski resorts the researchers have narrowed the application of their research findings in that the nature of studies in ski resorts find little relevance to other areas of business. To begin with ski resorts are a feature of areas that experience a certain type of climate and appeal to people who are accustomed to that kind of weather (Matzler et al. , 2007). Those living in warmer climates may patronize tourist attractions not necessarily because of image but because of the available attractions (Bigne? t al. , 2001:609). Some of the most famous tourist destinations in the world do not have excellent facilities but offer the clientele a once in a life time experience such as the wildebeest migration that occurs across the Masai Mara in Kenya (Kenya safari holidays, 2008). Secondly, most customers going to ski resorts do so because they want to ski. This restricts the research applicability to this kind of pastime as opposed to providing a general observation that can be useful to all types of businesses. The researchers made good use of available literature as a starting point to base their study. Most of the material they researched on was from primary sources in journals and a few books. Primary sources are vital in that they provide firsthand information about the subject matter from the author’s perspective. The problem with relying too much on such material is the obvious bias that most authors have in expounding their views. Secondary sources help to balance the overall picture by presenting alternative views and critiques of works done by other researchers. Sample population numbers were high enough to give a truly representative result of the study. With over 6,000 respondents to the online survey, the study was able to capture enough data to satisfy the research needs. The issue of enticing the respondents by offering attractive prizes could raise ethical questions and may have influenced the respondents to respond in a certain fashion. Respondents may have filled out the survey hoping that their responses reflected the expected outcome and thus improved their chances of winning the prizes. In adopting a multi-attribute approach in studying the effects of image on loyalty, the researchers were able to investigate a number of parameters that affect people’s perceptions. Despite the holistic nature of this approach, the use of Likert scale tools to determine the respondents’ views can be misleading as the results are highly subjective with one respondent rating a certain parameter differently from another irrespective of a general consensus on the nature of the service being offered or the factor being tested (Homburg and Giering, 2001:55). The hypotheses postulated by the researchers fail to include the possibility that there could be other more important factors that impact customer loyalty (Mittal and Kamakura, 2001:137). Such aspects include proximity of a resort to the client’s domicile, prices charged by the outlet, complimentary services offered as an incentive, and the nature of the ski terrain that may encourage amateurs or more experienced skiers to patronize the resort (Fakeye and Crompton, 1991:11). A fourth hypothesis should have been included to addresses these issues and could have been structured as follows; H4: Apart from image and loyalty there are other factors that significantly determine customer loyalty. Null hypothesis: Image and loyalty are the only factors that determine customer loyalty Respondents to the survey were not determined by the researchers and as such their study could not have investigated other aspects of the sample population like the differences in loyalty based on ethnic identities or gender. Any results based on the nationalities or gender of the respondents may not correctly reflect the true picture without purposely setting out to research such aspects. The research findings more or less confirmed the researchers’ thesis and added to the available literature on the subject. An interesting outcome was that the influence of image was more of an emotive response than a cognitive one (Kandampully and Suhartanto, 2000:349) This will assist entrepreneurs to develop the emotive image factors like patriotic themes or domestic settings that will make the customers feel that they are quite at home, though away from home (Gallarza et al. , 2001:62). However, the study is incomplete because it fails to address other factors that impact loyalty and it does not investigate the responses by respondents with different backgrounds to establish whether the findings are universal or ethnic specific. By focusing on ski resorts, the study is severely limited in its application as the findings in that industry may not be relevant to other business models or geographical destinations. This research is invaluable as a tool to improve to improve market share and annual incomes for ski resort outlets. By maintaining good customer service and working on developing the emotive image of the establishment, the management is bound to see an increase rise in customer loyalty (Eskildsen et al. , 2004:862). Its findings should be compiled in a simple format for the ski resort operators to understand and apply in their daily operations. The researchers may want to add on a caveat that the image and loyalty are not the only factors responsible for customer loyalty and that further studies may be required to identify other issues that may be influential. In summary, the research has been able to investigate the relationship between image, customer satisfaction and loyalty within the scope of the researchers outline. Despite the research failing to examine all aspects that impact customer loyalty, this should not invalidate their study but rather open up other opportunities for other researchers to take up the challenge to provide such answers. Further studies on the same subject matter should be structured to provide a general theory that will apply to all types of businesses.

The Creative Process in Film Essay -- Film

With this short but very interesting and informative class I have just scratched the surface of the what it takes to make a full fleged film. It takes much more than I had presumed to make a movie in Hollywood. The number of people that it takes to make a minute of a movie let alone the entire movie was astonishing to me. There are many things that it takes to start making a movie but without an idea of some sort there is no movie to be made. A crew includes a screenwriter, whose job it is to provide the written blueprint version of the entire film. This is basically the starting point for any movie. Next there is the producer. There are many types of producers; executive producers, co-producers, assistant producers and line producers. They all do very different things. Some are the producers are responsible for raising the funds for the movie while others are responsible for the production that goes on during the filming of the movie and still other producers are in charge of what physically goes on the set. Then it is time for the director. The director is in charge of the actors. The director works with the actors to visually bring to life what was written on the screenplay (Fortunato, Who Does What on a Film). Now the idea needs to come together. The idea of writing, â€Å"what you know† is not always true and writing, â€Å"what you come to know† is in fact a more accurate way to write. Other good ways to formulate ideas are to use existing plays, novels, short stories, life stories, new articles, or even past TV shows and film. When using existing work a person needs to make sure that one secures the copyrights before starting write. Securing the copyrights does not mean one is finished yet. Now a person needs... ...ce during the end of the movie. The whole time there is a tension that is not released until to final fight and you find out who is going to get the cube, the decepticons or the auto-bots (Valenti, 107). Works Cited Fortunato, Joe. "Development" FMP 201. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.. Lecture. Fortunato, Joe. "From Script to Shooting Schedule" FMP 201. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. . Lecture. Fortunato, Joe. "Production" FMP 201. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Lecture. Fortunato, Joe. "Wrap" FMP 201. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Lecture. Fortunato, Joe. "Post-Production" FMP 201. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. . Lecture. Fortunato, Joe. "Distribution" FMP 201. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Valenti, F. Miguel., Les Brown, and Laurie Trotta. More than a Movie: Ethics in Entertainment. Boulder, 2000. Print.

The Effects of Credit Management on the Profitability of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria (a Case Study of Guiness Nigeria Plc

Introduction The expansion of International Trade and the accessibility to foreign stock and debt market has given rise to an increase debate on whether or not there is need to be a global set of accounting standards. As companies compete globally for scarce resources, investors and creditors as well as multinational companies are required to bear the cost of reconciling financial statements that are prepared using national standards. It was argued that a common set of practices will provide a â€Å"level playing field† for all companies worldwide (Murphy, 2000).IFRS are standards and interpretations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They include: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Accounting Standards (IAS) and interpretation originated by the International Reporting Standards Interpretation Committee (IFRSIC) (Oyedele, 2011). IFRS represent a single set of high quality, globally accepted accounting standards that c an enhance comparability of financial reporting across the globe.This increased comparability of financial information could result in better investment decisions and ensure a more optimal allocation of resources across the global economy (Jacob and Madu, 2009). Cai and Wong (2010) posited that having a single set of internationally acceptable financial reporting standards will eliminate the need for restatement of financial statements, yet ensure accounting diversity among countries, thus facilitating cross-border movement of capital and greater integration of the global financial markets.History and Development of IFRS Globalization of capital markets is an irreversible process because of the development and growth in science and technology; there are many potential benefits to be gained from mutually recognized and respected international accounting standards. To bridge the gap between accounting standards among countries, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) w as founded in 1973 by a group of professional accounting practitioners.The IASC was to formulate uniform and global accounting standards aimed at reducing the discrepancies in international accounting principles and reporting practices. In this light, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was established. Since its establishment the IASC has actively been championing the uniformity and standardization of accounting principles for over two decades (Carlson, 1997). In April 2001, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) took over the setting of International Accounting Standards from the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC).Thenceforth, the IASB updated the already existing International Accounting Standards and referred to them as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Many of the standards forming part of IFRS are known by the older name of International Accounting Standards (IAS). IASs were issued between 1973 and 2001 by the Board of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). In Nigeria, adoption of IFRS was launched in September 2010, by the Honorable Minister, Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Senator Jubril Martins-kuye (OFR).The adoption was organized such that all stakeholders use the IFRS by January 2014. The adoption was scheduled to start with Public Listed Entities and Significant Public Interest Entities who are expected to adopt the IFRS by January 2012. All Other Public Interest Entities are expected to mandatorily adopt the IFRS for statutory purposes by January 2013, and Small and Medium-sized Entities shall mandatorily adopt IFRS by January 2014. The Importance of IFRSThe adoption of uniform standards cut the costs of doing business across borders by reducing the need for supplementary information. They make information more comparable, thereby enhancing evaluation and analysis by users of financial statements (Adekoye, 2011). Users become more confident of the inf ormation they are provided with and presumably, this reduces uncertainty, promotes an efficient allocation of resources and reduces capital costs (Ahmed, 2011).Esptein (2009), emphasized the fact that universal financial reporting standards will increase market liquidity, decrease transaction costs for investors, lower cost of capital and facilitate international capital formation and flows, various studies conducted on the adoption of IFRS at country level indicated that countries that adopted IFRS experienced huge increases in direct foreign investment (DFI) flows across countries (Irvine and Lucas, 2006). Cai & Wong (2010),in a study of global capital markets demonstrated that capital markets of countries that had adopted IFRS recorded high degree of ntegration among them after their IFRS adoption compared with the period before adoption. In a study on financial data of public listed companies in 15 member states of the European Union (EU) before and after full adoption of IFRS i n 2005, Chai at al (2010), found that majority of accounting quality indicators improved after IFRS adoption in the EU. The IFRS enhances comparability and transparency of reported results, easier cross-border stock exchange listings and foreign capital funding, additional and better quality financial information for shareholders and supervisory authorities, improved quality and efficiency of financial report.Impact of IFRS As a major change program, IFRS conversion affects many parts of our organization, including systems, processes and the wider business. Therefore ultimately, IFRS success depends heavily on how effectively accountants around the world are informed about the process and their willingness to adapt to or embrace change. IFRS could have a positive or negative impact on the financial statements. For example, recognition of interest income using effective interest method may negatively impact profitability as some of the credit related fees will form part of effective interest rate computation.However, the extent of the impact usually depends on the accounting policies adopted. The impact of IFRS transcends beyond accounting and financial reporting contrary to general misconception. Beyond finance, strategies, processes, people and systems will also be impacted by the conversion exercise. The following are some of the areas in which IFRS can affect our businesses: Systems and processes: IFRS will definitely change the overall presentation and contents of financial statements e. . more disclosures is required in the financial statements; consequently, there is a need to make amendments such as reconfiguration of existing systems, interface and mapping changes, changes to the chart of accounts etc. to generate IFRS compliant financial statements. Performance Management: Performance measures are going to be significantly affected as the effective interest calculation of income, impairment calculation and fair-valuation calculation will impact perfor mance results.Staff whose performance targets have previously been set using Nigerian GAAP calculations will need to be informed of the impact of IFRS on attaining these targets on their remuneration and the amount of effort that would be required to meet these targets under IFRS. Management reporting: Extensive impact on management reporting resulting in new forms of analysis and reporting. People and Communication: The conversion to IFRS will create a competency and knowledge especially financial control staff. However extensive training and communication plans will be in place to bridge those gaps.In addition to the aforementioned, the conversion exercise may have impacts on a large number of departments outside Finance including Human Resources, Information Technology, Risk Management, Business Development, Internal audit etc. For example, HR personnel will need to understand the impact of IFRS on staff loans. Some Key Risks Associated With Converting to IFRS Some of the key ris ks management should be aware of include: Lack of effective communication of the impacts of change to stakeholders the board, audit committees, investors and analyst, the impacts on internal controls and the related processes.Excessive costs and work levels resulting from ineffective planning and the inability by management to conclude and certify on the design or effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. Enforcement of Financial reporting Standards in Countries around the Globe and the Key Difficulties Faced in the Implementation of the Financial reporting Standards NIGERIA There are a number of institutions and agencies in Nigeria which provide guidelines that determine what information, and in what format such information, should be included in financial reports.Such institutions are the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN), the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN), the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Nigeria n Accounting Standards Boards (NASB). Now the Financial Reporting Commercial (FRC), National Insurance Commission (NAICOM), Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), and Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). These institutions are ready to give up on Nigeria’s GAAP and adopt IFRS from 2012 (Hassab, Epps and Said, 2001; Iyoha and Jimoh, 2011). Mukthar, (2009) sserts that, there is no better time than now to contribute to the debate for the need and feasibility of adopting the IFRS as a financial reporting framework in Nigeria. This is due to the pronouncements by the banker’s committee (a committee of Managing Directors of banks and the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) to the effect that banks and all listed companies should prepare financial statements in accordance with the IFRS. Such pronouncements were made considering that complying with IFRS will facilitate transparency and lead to more disclosure in financial statements which will be useful to stakeholders, especially f oreign stakeholders.IFRS-based financial statements stand to have added advantage in their business relationships with their correspondent banks, multilateral institutions and international investors. Companies that prepare IFRS-based financial statements are also expected to get some boost in their rating. Adoption of the IFRS in Nigeria commenced in January, 2012. UNITED KINGDOM The enforcement of IFRS is under European Enforcement Coordination sessions (EECS) and Committee of European Securities Regulations (CESR). In the UK the body responsible for enforcement of the IFRS is the Financial Reporting Review Panel.Rolf (2010) suggests in through the CESR Annual Reports in 2010 that harmonization and the enforcement of the IFRS in Europe facilitate an efficient single capital market in Europe within the context of evolving EU legislation. UK’s Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has since pronounced that publicly traded companies in UK should apply the International Accoun ting Standard in their individual financial reporting and that all EU listed companies were required to prepare their consolidated Financial Statements under IFRS effective from January, 2005 (ICAEW, 2006’ AECA, 2010 and Rolf, 2010).PricewaterhouseCoopers (2009) has confirmed that the U. K has since complied with the requirement; also small companies (SMEs) were required to report under IFRS effective from January 1, 2012. TURKEY Sigma, (1995) and Sigma and Hosal, 2005) observed that in 1980, a series of economic decisions following the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) recommendations were taken to reduce the inflation rate, increase production, and support importing activities. In the reconstruction period starting in the early 1980s, Act No. 499 was put into effect in 1981 by the Parliament to prepare the grounds for establishing the Capital Markets Board (CMB). BRAZIL Brazil is incorporating its accounting standards with the IFRS. According to UNCTAD (2008), the main institutions leading the convergence process are the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM), the Brazilian Institute of Independent Auditors (IBRACON), and the Central Bank of Brazil. A number of developments have recently advanced the country’s progress towards IFRS.The Central Bank of Brazil announced that as from 2010 all financial institutions under its supervision will be required to prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS. UNCTAD (2008) also reports that the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission has promoted efforts by companies listed in capital markets in Brazil to gradually adopt IFRS. For example, the CVM has been working more closely with IBRACON to accelerate convergence with IFRS and regulatory members.Companies listed on Sao Paulo Stock Exchange’s New Market are required to provide financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS or to the US-GAAP, in addition to those that are prepared under Brazilian accou nting standards. The Committee of Accounting Pronouncements was set up in Brazil, whose objective will be to achieve full adoption of IFRS in the country. INDIA Ravindra and Shrikhadi (2010) observed that there is a growing international consensus on the International Financial Reporting Standards as acceptable standards for assessment of the financial health of a company across the globe. Based on the recommendations of the core group set up to facilitate IFRS convergence in India, its Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) announced the approach and timelines for achieving convergence with IFRS. Also the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) commenced the process of issuing IFRS equivalent accounting standards. ICAI stated that for companies with exposure in European markets through equity or debt, transparency on IFRS is essential to cheap capital and hence, the proactive approach. ICAI set a time line of 2011 for compulsory switch over to the new standards.SOUTH AFRICA The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA), the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and the Accounting Practices Board (APB) of South Africa has recognized the need to be part of a global economy with respect to financial reporting. Local accounting standards in South Africa have been harmonized with international accounting standards since 1993. In February 2004, a decision was taken by the APB to issue the text of IFRS as South African statements of GAAP without any amendments (SIACA, 2006).The reasons for the ongoing harmonizing and the issuing of the text of IFRS as South African statements of GAAP were: for South African companies to attract foreign investment, to provide credibility to the financial statements of South African companies in the global market, and to do away with the need for dual listed entities to prepare financial statements in accordance with more than one set of accounting standards (Deloitte, 2006). ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe faces a challenge of h igh inflation that is affecting the wholesome application of the IFRS.The Institution of Chartered Accountants Zimbabwe (ICAZ, 2010) recommends that the IFRS should be in full application by end of 2010. Although Zimbabwe has economic challenges, the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange it has said that IFRS compliance is mandatory to all listed companies in its Stock Exchange (Tom, 2010). Currently, a ZSE panel of experts is responsible for checking IFRS compliance. It encourages accurate and correct presentation of companies’ financial accounts including historical data and internationally comparable balance sheets and disclosure.This makes it easier for investors, including external investors. The ZSE (ZSE, 2010) added that IFRS for SME is compulsory which was expected to commence by January, 2011, also the local GAAP which was based on the 1998 version was expected to translate into IFRS. The local tax authority has yet to adopt or convergence plans of tax reporting to the IFRS. KENYA Kenya is one of the earliest countries to adopt the use of the IAS and IFRS in 1999. UNCTAD (2008) confirms that over the years, Kenya has developed a wealth of experience in the use of IFRS, which provide useful insights in he development of strategies by International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) to aid other countries in the implementation of IFRS. There a lone stock market in Kenya, the Nairobi Stock Exchange, in which the shares of about 50 companies are traded. In addition to these listed companies, there is also a sizeable number of companies which are either multinationals or companies owned privately by the nationals, as well as a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In terms of financial reporting, all the companies are required to prepare financial statements based on IFRS.In most cases, however, SMEs would prepare financial statements for use by the tax authorities or by the banks for purposes of accessing credit. Other public inter est companies such as banks, insurance companies, cooperative societies and non-governmental organizations also prepare accounts in accordance with IFRS (Caroline, 2010). UGANDA The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Uganda (ICPAU, 2009) stipulates that Uganda has adopted IASs, SIC IFRSs and IFRIC without amendment since 1998. All openly accountable bodies are obliged to present their financial statements in compliance with full IFRS.In additional, Uganda has instructed on the application of IFRS for SMEs at the beginning of 2010. Uganda Security Exchange (USE, 2010) directed that all foreign or national companies listed on the stock exchange to comply with IFRS when the time of reporting was due. TANZANIA According to Tanzania’s National Board of Accountants and Auditors (NBAA, 2009), Tanzania shifted to IFRSs, IPSASs, and ISAs with effect from July, 2004. In that effect, compliance required all preparations of financial statements to be in accordance with the IFRS s no matter the size of the firm.Pacter (2010), observed that publicly accountable entities were required to use full IFRS including the entities that offer shares to the public, financial institutions such as banks, insurance, pension funds, mutual funds, security brokers or dealers. Also, entities that have essential public service such as utilities; and non-publicly accountable entities are permitted to use the IFRS for SMEs. In that case, all bodies using IFRS for SMEs should apply those pronouncements as issued by the IASB in full and without modification. CANADAIn January 2006, the Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) adopted a strategic plan for embracing IFRSs across the whole country for all public companies and other profit-oriented enterprises that are responsible to large or diverse groups of shareholders in Canada. From that time, AcSB proposed on its section 1506 to house the approval of IFRSs (Peter, Michael, and Ken, 2008, Deloitte, 2011). Peter (2008) recommended that: â€Å"The AcSB has recently confirmed January 1, 2011 as the changeover date to which IFRSs was supposed to replace current Canadian Standards and interpretations as GAAP† UNITED STATES OF AMERICAAICPA (2011) asserts that as far as the USA is concerned; the enforcement of IFRS has taken the following forms. From 2001 to 2004 USA has made effort to implement IFRS. In 2005; The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) released a roadmap allowing IFRS filings without GAAP reconciliation for foreign firms by 2009. In 2006; The IASB and the FASB agree to work on a number of major projects. In 2007; The SEC announced that it will accept from foreign filers in the U. S. financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB, without reconciliation with U.S. GAAP. Also, the SEC issued a Concept Release asking if U. S. public companies should be given an option to follow IFRS instead of U. S. GAAP. In2008;The SEC was expected to vote on a proposal creating a tim eline for moving U. S. public companies to IFRS, also, the FASB and the IASB updated the Norwalk Agreement with the goal of accelerating convergence. In 2009; the IASB ended its moratorium, set in 2005, on the required application of new accounting standards and major amendments to existing standards. The board had frozen its rules while more countries adopted IFRS.In 2011; Canadian and Indian companies are slated to begin using the global standards, and Japan was slated to have eliminated all major differences between Japanese GAAP and IFRS. In the United States, questions concerning IFRS are expected to be included in the Uniform CPA examination. Year 2013 is the earliest year projected by accounting firms for mandating that large U. S. public companies convert their financials to IFRS, year that the updated Norwalk Agreement expects all major capital markets to operate from one set of accounting tandards (AICPA, 2011). The year 2015 is earliest year the SEC would allow public com panies to convert their financials to IFRS (AICPA, 2011). JAPAN Japan financial reporting is guided by both international and domestic factors which fall under the Accounting Standards Board of Japan (ASBJ). From 2004 to 2010, the Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accounts (JICPA) along with ASBJ has made a tremendous move towards the harmonization between Japanese GAAP and IFRS. Some problems remained unsolved as they have to be worked on by 30 June, 2011 (Afaanz, 2011).According to ( Global Glimpses, 2009) and (Smart, 2012), Japan allowed a number of international companies the use of IFRS and some local companies to use them on their own choice for the year ending March 31, 2010. In 2012, the decision about the mandatory adoption of IFRS by 2016 is expected by the year 2013. HONG KONG Starting in 2005, Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS) were made identical to the IFRS. While Hong Kong had adopted many of the earlier IAS as Hong Kong standards, some had not been adopted, including IAS 38 and IAS 39.All of the December, 2003 improvements and new and revised IFRS issued in 2004 and 2005 started taking effect in Hong Kong beginning from 2010. In 2005, implementing Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards, the challenge sets out a summary of each standard and interpretation. The key changes it makes to accounting in Hong Kong, the most significant implications of its adoption, and related anticipated future developments. There are some Hong Kong standards and several Hong Kong interpretations that do not have counterparts in IFRS.Also there were several minor wording differences between HKFRS and IFRS (Deloitte, 2008 Tyrone, 2010). CHINA Chinese government had conducted series of accounting standard reforms in 1992, 2001 and 2006 in which each replaced the previous. According to Gingham and Haitao (2010) the Chinese accounting standards were considered to be in great conformity with IFRS. This developments confirm response to the emerging stock market and the increasing demand of foreign investors in China.Karthik, Donavan and Nancy (2005) and Romanna (2010) have however remarked that although in 2005 China converged with IFRS, but not in full compliance with IFRS requirements. The Chinese Accounting Standards Committee (CASC) is the body charged with developing accounting standards in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance (Elmer, 2011). CASC had issued new standards regarding cash flow statement, lease and other standards in conformity with the IFRS. In February 2006, the Chinese Ministry of Finance promulgated the introduction of Chinese Accounting standards based on IFRS.In January, 2007, China was obliged to adopt the IFRS so as to get placed into the global capital market (Zhang, Andrew and Collier, 2007). China is considered being the fourth world economy with far reaching economic effect regarding the application of IFRS. Afaanz (2011) argues that although China is adopting the IFRS there are challenges converg ing domestic standards with the IFRS expected to have been concluded by December 2011, and the application of IFRS to all companies big, small and medium effective January 2012.

Salvage The Bones And Up From Slavery - 2002 Words

There have been a lot of issues throughout history that concerns African Americans. They had issues with family, they had their strength and weakness, and they also struggled a lot from back in the day. â€Å"Salvage the Bones† and â€Å"Up from Slavery provides examples from all of those themes. Family is one of the main themes in Salvage the Bones. The story reflects on how family helped them get through a lot. Up from slavery also tells us about family. It’s similar to Salvage the Bones, but in a different perspective. Everyone would agree that African Americans had to struggle more than the white people, and â€Å"Up from Slavery† and â€Å"Salvage the Bones provide great context of that. African Americans also had their strength and weakness. African Americans have had their strength and weakness. Salvage the bones and up from slavery provides great context of this. In Salvage the Bone, the novel questions who are stronger between the male and female. Esc h draws the attention when she attacks Manny, winning the fight just as China did when it came to fighting kilo. It was a connection made from Esch, by narrating â€Å"I am on him like China† (203). As the novel continued, the female characters grew stronger as their male counterparts grew weaker. This is symbolized in Skeetah’s relationship with China, which often brinks on relationship. Although Esch compares Skeetah to knives continually throughout the text, he gets weaker without China, who is describes to be one of the strongest of herShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesclearly under enormous stress. To maintain business growth and a sustained economy, it is essential for managers to understand and find solutions for these and other fundamental wide-ranging issues. The bursting of the high-tech bubble both in many start-up companies and in major segments of established firms dissipated many entrepreneuri al efforts and the large sums of money that were spent to create organizations that never earned a profit and were often hugely unsuccessful as business entities. However